{"id":10300,"date":"2020-09-29T10:46:58","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T10:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greemap.es\/?p=10300"},"modified":"2022-05-30T10:56:56","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T10:56:56","slug":"wood-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Wood properties"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This is an informative and comprehensive text on wood. First of all, we will define what&nbsp;<strong>wood&nbsp;<\/strong>is. Secondly, we will explain the properties of wood. These characteristics will be divided into three groups: physical, mechanical and special properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice de la p\u00e1gina<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ea47b4694ab\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ea47b4694ab\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#What_is_wood\" >What is wood?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Material_Features_of_wood_properties\" >Material Features of wood properties<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Anisotropy\" >Anisotropy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Hygroscopicity\" >Hygroscopicity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Density\" >Density<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Cleavability\" >Cleavability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Toughness\" >Toughness<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Flexibility\" >Flexibility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Stability\" >Stability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Optics\" >Optics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Smell\" >Smell<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Biological\" >Biological<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Mechanical_Properties_of_Wood\" >Mechanical Properties of Wood<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Resistance\" >Resistance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Traction\" >Traction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Compression\" >Compression<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Flexion\" >Flexion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Elasticity\" >Elasticity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Buckling_of_wood\" >Buckling of wood<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Fatigue\" >Fatigue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Cutting_Strength\" >Cutting Strength<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Special_wood_properties\" >Special wood properties<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Acoustics\" >Acoustics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Thermal\" >Thermal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/en\/wood\/wood-properties\/#Technical_details\" >Technical details<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_wood\"><\/span>What is wood?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wood is a raw material of plant origin. It is found in the trunks of trees, which grow every year, forming rings in that very same trunk, these circles or rings are called grains and they are unique in each tree. Wood is a renewable, ecological and organic good. It has been used since the origins of humanity until nowadays to produce furniture, buildings, boats, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Material_Features_of_wood_properties\"><\/span>Material Features of wood properties<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anisotropy\"><\/span><strong>Anisotropy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All types of wood have<strong>&nbsp;three directions: Axial, Radial, and Tangential.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The<strong>&nbsp;axial direction<\/strong>&nbsp;is the direction&nbsp;<strong>in which the tree grows (direction of the fibers)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong>Radial direction<\/strong>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<strong>perpendicular to the axial<\/strong>, in the direction of the spokes, it cuts the axis of the trunk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong>Tangential is parallel to the radial direction<\/strong>, in the direction of the grain and cutting the annual rings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"509\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Anisotropy-wood-propierties.gif\" alt=\"Wood properties\" class=\"wp-image-10301\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hygroscopicity\"><\/span><strong>Hygroscopicity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hygroscopicity is the ability of wood to absorb moisture&nbsp;<\/strong>from the environment.<strong>Wood<\/strong>&nbsp;is a living element even if it is cut,&nbsp;<strong>it contracts or expands depending on the humidity<\/strong>. Depending on the type of wood, this effect will be more pronounced or less. <strong>Of the three directions that wood has, the axial is the least affected by this property<\/strong>. Tangential shrinkage is almost double that of radial<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Density\"><\/span><strong>Density<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most important properties of wood is density. Each type of wood has a weight depending on the species and the climatic conditions where the tree has grown. The heavier the wood, the more concentration of fibers and the less space amongst them. Typically the faster a tree grows, the lighter its wood will be. As a general rule, since water is heavy, the weight of the wood is taken into account when it is at 11-12% humidity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cleavability\"><\/span><strong>Cleavability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The cleavability is the resistance that the wood opposes to the transverse tensile stress before breaking due to the separation of its fibers. The most splittable woods tend to have long, knotty fibers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toughness\"><\/span><strong>Toughness<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Toughness has a lot to do with weight and all woods can be divided into three groups. Hard, soft and semi-hard woods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hardwoods:<\/strong>&nbsp;They are slow growing and deciduous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Softwoods:&nbsp;<\/strong>Coniferous woods are lighter than hard ones, fast-growing trees such as <a href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/paulownia-2\/paulownia-characteristics-of-wood\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Paulownia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Semi-hard woods:<\/strong>&nbsp;There are woods that, due to their characteristics, are difficult to classify between the two abovementioned categories and remain in this sub-group between hard and soft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flexibility\"><\/span><strong>Flexibility<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The flexibility of wood is measured in the ability of the wood to bend without breaking and without returning to its initial position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stability\"><\/span><strong>Stability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stability is the reaction that wood will have to changes in temperature. A stable wood is one that will not contract or expand much due to variations in temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optics\"><\/span><strong>Optics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Each wood has its color and texture. Some woods, thanks to their grain or knots, enhance their appearance. The ultraviolet rays of the sun, darken the wood in the first layer or bark. This can be avoided with varnishes, enamels, lacquer or stains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smell\"><\/span><strong>Smell<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The smell is produced in the heartwood of the wood thanks to some natural chemical components of the wood. The heartwood is the central part of the trunk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biological\"><\/span><strong>Biological<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wood is a living, biodegradable good, so it rots and can be affected by insects, fungi and bacteria. When woods have more than a 20% humidity level, they are more prone to these irreversible attacks. Some are stronger than others due to a higher concentration of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lignina\">lignin<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"999\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/madera-envejecida-1.jpeg\" alt=\"madera envejecida\" class=\"wp-image-9797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/madera-envejecida-1.jpeg 999w, https:\/\/greemap.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/madera-envejecida-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/greemap.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/madera-envejecida-1-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\" \/><figcaption>Aged wood<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanical_Properties_of_Wood\"><\/span>Mechanical Properties of Wood<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistance\"><\/span><strong>Resistance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The heavier a wood is, the more resistance it will normally have. Although there are some woods that have a better strength-to-weight ratio than others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Traction\"><\/span><strong>Traction<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The greatest resistance of a wood is in the direction of the fibres and the least in a perpendicular direction to them. Tensile rupture occurs suddenly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Compression\"><\/span><strong>Compression<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As we can see in the image above, compression shows us that the denser the wood, the more resistant to compression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flexion\"><\/span><strong>Flexion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is an effort applied in the horizontal direction of the fibers, this causes the upper fibers to shorten and the lower ones to lengthen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Elasticity\"><\/span><strong>Elasticity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This value varies a lot depending on the species and how the load is applied and for how long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buckling_of_wood\"><\/span><strong>Buckling of wood<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is when the wood, after applying a compression, bends on the side of least resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fatigue\"><\/span><strong>Fatigue<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Maximum stress that a wood can withstand before breaking<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cutting_Strength\"><\/span><strong>Cutting Strength<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As the name itself indicates, it is the resistance to cutting of the wood. It can be in the direction of the grains or against them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_wood_properties\"><\/span>Special wood properties<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acoustics\"><\/span><strong>Acoustics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A wooden structure bounces the sound, so it is used in spaces where we want the sound to reach all sides by bouncing and not going through the material. This property is useful, for example, in musical instruments and concert halls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal\"><\/span><strong>Thermal<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to its porosity, wood is not a good conductor of heat and is therefore limited as a thermal insulator. The flash point of wood is 200\u00b0 to 275\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Technical Data Sheet of Real and Professional Wood with Material and Mechanical Properties<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, by clicking on the button, you will be able to see a technical sheet at a professional level, for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/tableros\/contrachapado-paulownia\/\">plywood&nbsp;<\/a>by the GREEMAP company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Technical_details\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/greemap.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/GREEMAP_CONTRACHAPADO_PAULOWNIA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Technical details<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is an informative and comprehensive text on wood. First of all, we will define what wood is. Secondly, we will explain the properties of wood. These characteristics will be divided into three groups: physical, mechanical and special properties. What is wood? Wood is a raw material of plant origin. It is found in the trunks of trees, which grow every year, forming rings in that very same trunk, these circles or rings are called grains and they are unique in each tree. Wood is a renewable, ecological and organic good. It has been used since the origins of humanity until nowadays to produce furniture, buildings, boats, etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_423260185886928_105942780853422":"","twitter_1192717459796701185_1192717459796701185":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wood","has-thumb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\ud83e\udd47Wood properties - GREEMAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\ud83d\udc49 First of all, we will define what wood is. 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